[文書名] 日ソ交渉に関する米国務省覚書
覚書
最近のロンドンにおけるダレス国務長官との会談に際し重光外務大臣からなされた要請に応じて、国務省は、今回の日ソ平和条約交渉中に提起された諸問題につき、特にサン・フランシスコ平和条約の署名国としての米国の利害関係に照らして、検討を行つた。国務省は、この検討に基いて、次のとおり意見を開陳するものである。
米国政府は、日ソ間の戦争状態は正式に終了せしめられるべきものであると信ずる。
元来この戦争状態は、ソ連邦がサン・フランシスコ平和条約の署名を拒否した一九五一年当時から、つとに終了せしめられていなければならなかつたものである。日本はまた、日本が加盟の資格を完全に有する国際連合に、久しい以前から加盟することを認められていなければならなかつた。さらにまた、ソ連邦の手中にある日本人捕虜は、降伏条項に従つて、久しい以前に送還されていなければならなかつたのである。
領土問題に関しては、さきに日本政府に通報したとおり、米国は、いわゆるヤルタ協定なるものは単にその当事国の当時の首脳者が共通の目標を陳述した文書にすぎないものと認め、その当事国によるなんらの最終的決定をなすものでもなく、また領土移転のいかなる法律的効果を持つものでもないと認めるものである。サン・フランシスコ平和条約－この条約はソ連邦が署名を拒否したから同国に対してはなんらの権利を付与するものではないが－は、日本によつて放棄された領土の主権の帰還を決定しておらず、この問題は、サン・フランシスコ会議で米国代表が述べたとおり、同条約とは別個の国際的解決手段に付せられるべきものとして残されている。いずれにしても日本は、同条約で放棄した領土に対する主権を他に引き渡す権利を持つてはいないのである。このような性質のいかなる行為がなされたとしても、それは、米国の見解によれば、サン・フランシスコ条約の署名国を拘束しうるものではなく、また同条約署名国は、かかる行為に対しては、おそらく同条約によつて与えられた一切の権利を留保するものと推測される。
米国は、歴史上の事実を注意深く検討した結果、
択捉、国後両島は、
（北海道の一部たる歯舞諸島及び色丹島とともに）、
常に固有の日本領土の一部
をなしてきたものであり、
かつ、正当に
日本国の主権下にあるものとして
認められなければならない
ものであるとの結論に到達した。
米国は、このことにソ連邦が同意するならば、それは極東における緊張の緩和に積極的に寄与することになるであろうと考えるものである。
一九五六年九月七日 ワシントン
国務省
[Title] State Department Memorandum on the Japan-Soviet Negotiations, The Aide-Memoire
THE AIDE-MEMOIRE
“Pursuant to the request made by the Japanese Foreign Minister, Mr. Shigemitsu, in the course of recent conversations in London with the Secretary of State, Mr. Dulles, the Department of State has reviewed the problems presented in the course of the current negotiations for a treaty of peace between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and Japan, with particular reference to the interest of the United States as a signatory of the San Francisco Peace Treaty, and on the basis of such review makes the following observations.
“The Government of the United States believes that the state of war between Japan and the Soviet Union should be formally terminated. Such action has been overdue since 1951, when the Soviet Union declined to sign the San Francisco Peace Treaty. Japan should also long since have been admitted to the United Nations, for which it is fully qualified; and Japanese prisoners of war in Soviet hands should long since have been returned in accordance with the surrender terms.
“With respect to the territorial question, as the Japanese Government has been previously informed, the United States regards the socalled Yalta agreement as simply a statement of common purposes by the then heads of the participating powers, and not as a final determination by those powers or of any legal effect in transferring territories. The San Francisco Peace Treaty (which conferred no rights upon the Soviet Union because it refused to sign) did not determine the sovereignty of the territories renounced by Japan, leaving that question, as was stated by the Delegate of the United States at San Francisco, to “international solvents other than this treaty”.
“It is the considered opinion of the United States that by virtue of the San Francisco Peace Treaty Japan does not have the right to transfer sovereignty over the territories renounced by it therein. In the opinion of the United States, the signatories of the San Francisco Treaty would not be bound to accept any action of this character and they would, presumably, reserve all their rights thereunder.
“The United States has reached the
conclusion after careful
examination of the historical facts that
the islands of Etorofu and Kunashiri
(along with the Habomai Islands and
Shikotan which are a part of Hokkaido)
have always been part of Japan proper and
should in justice be aknowledged{sic} as under
Japanese sovereignty.
The United States would regard Soviet agreement to this effect as a positive contribution to the reduction of tension in the Far East.”
[문서명] 일소 교섭에 관한 미국무성 각서
각서
최근의 런던에 있어서의 다레스 국무장관과의 회담에 즈음해 시게미츠 외무 대신으로부터 된 요청에 따르고, 국무성은, 이번 일소 평화 조약 교섭중에 제기된 여러 문제에 대해, 특히 산・프란시스코 평화 조약의 서명국으로서의 미국의 이해관계에 비추고, 검토를 행.국무성은, 이 검토에 따르고, 다음대로 의견을 개진 하는 것이다.
미국 정부는, 일소간의 전쟁 상태는 정식으로 종료 하게 할 수 있어야 할 것이라고 믿는다.
원래 이 전쟁 상태는, 소련이 산・프란시스코 평화 조약의 서명을 거부한 1951년 당시부터, 일찍 종료 하게 할 수 있지 않으면 되어가쓰타의 것이다.일본은 또, 일본이 가맹의 자격을 완전하게 가지는 국제연합에, 오래 된 이전부터 가맹하는 것을 인정받지 않으면 되어가쓰타.한층 더 또, 소련의 수중에 있는 일본인 포로는, 항복 조항에 종연줄, 오래 된 이전에 송환되어 있지 않으면 되어가쓰타의 것이다.
영토 문제에 관해서는, 먼저 일본 정부에 통보했던 대로, 미국은, 이른바 야르타 협정 되는 것은 단지 그 당사국의 당시의 수뇌자가 공통의 목표를 진술한 문서에 지나지 않는 것으로 인정해 그 당사국에 의한데 등의 최종적 결정을 이루는 것도 아니고, 또 영토 이전의 어떠한 법률적 효과를 가지는 것도 아니다고 인정하는 것이다.산・프란시스코 평화 조약－이 조약은 소련이 서명을 거부했기 때문에 동국에 대해서는 아무런 권리를 부여하는 것은 아니지만－는, 일본에연줄 방폐된 영토의 주권의 귀환을 결정하지 않고, 이 문제는, 산・프란시스코 회의에서 미국 대표가 말했던 대로, 동조약과는 별개의 국제적 해결 수단에 첨부 다투어져야 할 것으로 해 남아 있다.어쨌든 일본은, 동조약으로 방폐한 영토에 대한 주권을 그 밖에 인도할 권리를 가지는이라고는 없는 것이다.이러한 성질의 어떠한 행위가 되었다고 해도, 그것은, 미국의 견해에 의하면, 산・프란시스코 조약의 서명국을 구속할 수 있는 것이 아니고, 또 동조약 서명국은, 걸리는 행위에 대해서는, 아마 동조약에연줄 주어진 모두의 권리를 유보하는 것이라고 추측된다.
에토로후, 쿠나시리 양 섬은,
(홋카이도의 일부인 하보마이제도 및 시코탄섬과 함께),
항상 고유의 일본 영토의 일부
(을)를 이루어 온 것이어,
한편, 정당하게
일본의 주권하에 있는 것으로서
인정받지 못하면 안 된다
것이다라는 결론에 도달했다.
미국은, 이것에 소련이 동의 한다면, 그것은 극동에 있어서의 긴장의 완화에 적극적으로 기여하게 될 것이다라고 생각하는 것이다.
1956년 9월7일 워싱턴
국무성
[Title] State Department Memorandum on the Japan-Soviet Negotiations, The Aide-Memoire
THE AIDE-MEMOIRE
"Pursuant to the request made by the Japanese Foreign Minister, Mr. Shigemitsu, in the course of recent conversations in London with the Secretary of State, Mr. Dulles, the Department of State has reviewed the problems presented in the course of the current negotiations for a treaty of peace between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and Japan, with particular reference to the interest of the United States as a signatory of the San Francisco Peace Treaty, and on the basis of such review makes the following observations.
"The Government of the United States believes that the state of war between Japan and the Soviet Union should be formally terminated. Such action has been overdue since 1951, when the Soviet Union declined to sign the San Francisco Peace Treaty. Japan should also long since have been admitted to the United Nations, for which it is fully qualified; and Japanese prisoners of war in Soviet hands should long since have been returned in accordance with the surrender terms.
"With respect to the territorial question, as the Japanese Government has been previously informed, the United States regards the socalled Yalta agreement as simply a statement of common purposes by the then heads of the participating powers, and not as a final determination by those powers or of any legal effect in transferring territories. The San Francisco Peace Treaty (which conferred no rights upon the Soviet Union because it refused to sign) did not determine the sovereignty of the territories renounced by Japan, leaving that question, as was stated by the Delegate of the United States at San Francisco, to "international solvents other than this treaty".
"It is the considered opinion of the United States that by virtue of the San Francisco Peace Treaty Japan does not have the right to transfer sovereignty over the territories renounced by it therein. In the opinion of the United States, the signatories of the San Francisco Treaty would not be bound to accept any action of this character and they would, presumably, reserve all their rights thereunder.
"The United States has reached the
conclusion after careful
examination of the historical facts that
the islands of Etorofu and Kunashiri
(along with the Habomai Islands and
Shikotan which are a part of Hokkaido)
have always been part of Japan proper and
should in justice be aknowledged{sic} as under
Japanese sovereignty.
The United States would regard Soviet agreement to this effect as a positive contribution to the reduction of tension in the Far East."