Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republicof Korea

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Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea

The Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea (Japanese: 日韓基本条約 (Nikkan Kihon Jōyaku^?); Korean: 한일기본조약, 韓日基本條約, Hanil Gibon Joyak) was signed on June 22, 1965 to establish basic relationship between Japan and the Republic of Korea (South Korea).

In January 2005, the South Korean government disclosed 1,200 pages of diplomatic doc-uments that recorded the proceeding of the treaty. The doc-uments, kept secret for 40 years, recorded that South Korea agreed to demand no compensations, either at the government or individual level, after receiving $800 million in grants and soft loans from Japan as compensation for its 1910–45 colonial rule in the treaty^[1].

2005년 1월에 남한 정부에서 1200페이지에 달하는 한일협정서를 공개했습니다. 따라서 자세한 내용은 이 협정서 내용을 뒤져보면 다 나오는 사실입니다.

기본적으로 1910년에서 1945년동안 일본 식민지 지배에 대한 피해보상으로 800백만 달러의 차관을 받는 다는 게 주요 골자입니다. 여기에 민간 및 국가적 피해보상 포함해서죠.

The doc-uments also recorded that the Korean government originally demanded a total of 364 million dollars in compensation for the 1.03 million Koreans conscripted into the workforce and the military during the colonial period^[2], at a rate of 200 dollars per survivor, 1,650 dollars per death and 2,000 dollars per injured person^[3]. However, the South Korean government used most of the grants for economic development ^[4], failing to provide adequate compensation to victims by paying only 300,000 won per death in compensating victims of forced labor between 1975 and 1977 ^[5]. Instead, the government spent most of the money establishing social infrastructures, founding POSCO, building Kyungbu Highway and the Soyang River Dam.^[6]

^{한국정부는 365백만 달러를 요구했었지만, 생존자 200달러, 전사자 1650달러, 부상자 2000달러기준으로 일단 1975년과 1977년사이 전쟁 참전자중 전사자를 되상으로 300,000원을 지불했습니다. 하지만, 대부분의 금액은 경부고속도로와 소양강댐 건설에 투자됩니다.}

The doc-uments also reveals that the South Korean government claimed that it would handle individual compensation to its citizens who suffered during Japan"s colonial rule while rejecting Japan"s proposal to directly compensate individual victims and receiving the whole amount of grants on the behalf of victims^[7][8].

남한정부가 개인 피해보상 문제를 대신하겠다는 것과 일본이 개인 피해보상을 직접적으로 하지 않겠다는 것을 승인합니다.

As the result, there have been growing calls for the government to compensate the victims since the disclosure of the doc-uments. A survey conducted shortly after the disclosure showed that more than 70 percent of Korean people believe the South Korean government should bear responsibility to pay for those victims (ibid.). The South Korean government announced that it will establish a team to deal with the appeals for compensation, although “It has been the government"s position that compensation for losses during the Japanese occupation has already been settled” ^[9].

Japanese officials had reportedly not been in favor of the South Korean government disclosing the doc-uments because they were concerned about repercussions the disclosure of such diplomatic doc-uments would have on bilateral normalizations talks with North Korea, who reportedly wants more than $10 billion as compensation for its share ^[10]. Japan has generally refused to pay damages to individuals, saying it settled the issue on a government-to-government basis under the 1965 agreement.

The 1965 Treaty of Basic Relations between Japan and South Korea also declared that:

It is confirmed that all treaties or agreements concluded between the Empire of Japan and the Empire of Korea on or before August 22, 1910 are already null and void.

일본과 대한제국사이에 1910년 8월 22일전의 모든 조약과 합의서는  무효다라는 것이 한일협약에 또 다른 내용입니다. ->한일합방 이런 거 무효라는 거죠.